Jun 09, 2015 seismic data interpretation 101 amplitude horizon slice of pay2 reflector extracted from pstm reflection strength volume, with overlay of time structure. The fundamental seismic data type is amplitude data, but seismic attributes can reveal characteristics, which are not easily seen in amplitude data themselves. Seismicamplitude an interpreters handbook the oil and gas industries now routinely use seismic amplitudes in exploration and production as they yield key information on lithology and fluid fill, enabling interpretation of reservoir quality and likelihood of hydrocarbon presence. All instantaneous seismic attributes amplitude, phase, frequency can be used in interpretation. From the seismic attribute studies and well log analysis the estimated thickness of the reservoir zone is about 12. Pdf seismic data interpretation and evaluation for. The only limitations in constructing these maps are the imagination and skill of the interpreter.
Seismic amplitude is an invaluable daytoday tool for graduate students and industry professionals in geology, geophysics, petrophysics, reservoir engineering, and all subsurface disciplines making regular use of seismic data. The book was written by and for seismic interpreters who have experience in academia and the petroleum industry. In seismic interpretation, the reflection coefficient rc of two different rocks depends on the difference between their seismic impedance and this depends mostly on the pwave velocity in the rock. The third and final stage of the hierarchy of seismic interpretation is seismic attribute analysis taner and sheriff, 1977. Interpreting seismic amplitudes chapter 5 3d seismic. Seismic impedance as any geophysical method, seismic reflection imaging is sensitive to only a specific physical property of the rock this property is called acoustic impedance. Linear approximation of zoeppritzs equation 312 rockproperty model 3 analysis of bortfelds equations 3 avo relationship to rock moduli 314 linear approximations of zoeppritzs equation 315 shueys angle dependence 316. Understanding this key concept is critical to effective seismic interpretation. Use different tools for visualization of your interpretation geocube. V density times acoustic velocity seismic reflection amplitude is proportional to the relative impedance contrast across a contact of two layers. The use of seismic attributes to enhance fault interpretation. This is concerned with study of wave shape, polarity, continuity, dip, frequency, phase, and amplitude.
In this display, blue peaks represent a downwards increase in acoustic impedance. Seismic attributes have been used for many years to delineate faults and stratigraphic features that are difficult to map using standard amplitude seismic data 2. The aim of the monograph is to advocate the use of rayamplitude data, separately or jointly with traveltime data, in reflection seismic tomography. Anomaly is grouped into sectors i and ii with gap green polygon at wella. Theoretical background for seismic amplitude interpretation, necessary in recently developed avo amplitudeversusoffset method has been already established at the beginning of the last century. However, seismic amplitudes analysis in at least qualitative lithology determinations, were. Pitfalls in the study of seismic amplitude interpretation. Seismic amplitude interpretation geoscienceworld books. Click download or read online button to get quantitative seismic interpretation book now. Pdf significant progress has been made over many decades in improving seismic data quality.
This accessible yet authoritative book provides a complete framework for seismic amplitude interpretation and analysis, in a practical manner that allows easy. Seismic interpretation is the thoughtful procedure of separating these effects. In the absence of well control, you can 18 first steps in seismic interpretation downloaded 052914 to 129. Seismic amplitude changes may tell us something about reservoir lithology, porosity, andor fluids.
Amplitude is the key to all seismic interpretation objectives other than structure. Seismic attribute analysis for reservoir characterization. This is arguably one of the most helpful handbooks on seismic amplitude interpretation published to date. Seismic amplitude interpretation society of exploration. Amplitude tells us about stratigraphic bodies, fluid content, and. Figure 3 shows how curvature can help detect the edges and thalweg of fluvial channels. Seismic attributes and their applications in seismic. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. This book offers a presentation of the practical aspects of reflection seismic interpretation, written by a working explorationist for explorationists. This accessible, authoritative book provides a complete framework for seismic amplitude interpretation and analysis in a practical manner that allows easy application. The overall aim of seismic interpretation is to aid in constructing the most accurate earth model or reservoir description possible. For example, the contact between sand with water saturation and sand with certain gas saturation gives a high rc that produces an amplitude anomaly in the seismic trace.
Study the seismic response and the lateral extent of the miocene channels and oligocene muddiapirs. Benefits and limitations of these attributes in soft to hardrock environments are discussed with model data and in case histories. The phase of the wavelet contained in any seismic data set can vary laterally and vertically temporally and is estimated most accurately by determin istic methods using well control. Pdf seismic amplitude calibration for quantitative. Seismic amplitude interpretation distinguished instructor series. Pdf 5 popular pitfalls in seismic amplitude interpretation. Structural interpretation of seismic data from seismic anomalies related to faulting from noise is challenging. At this thickness, seismic amplitude is the amplitude of the interference from many amplitude so that some subsurface geological uniqueness is lost. Seismic attribute analysis provides information related to structure, stratigraphy, and reservoir properties. Pdf seismic amplitude calibration for quantitative interpretation.
Download now this is the first book of its kind on seismic amplitude inversion in the context of reflection tomography. The seismic wavelet starts as the pulse of seismic energy, which, generated by the energy source, travels down through the earth, is reflected and travels back up to the surface receivers carrying the geological information with it. In practice, most interpreters use instantaneous amplitude, or some variation of an amplitude attribute, as their primary diagnostic tool. Seismic data interpretation 102 opacity cube showing massive buildup and slope facies offbuildups. Jan 21, 2011 this display from the f3 block seismic data set, offshore netherlands, shows that the relationship between amplitude patterns and geology can be open to interpretation lucky for us. The last part examines the numerous amplitude attributes that can be extracted from seismic data to quantify an interpretation.
A case history illustrates the rockproperty calibrations that are needed. Focusing on the everyday problems facing the working interpreter, this book has a geological emphasis and is aimed especially to those new to interpretation. Characterization of a shalegas reservoir based on a seismic amplitude variation with offset inversion for transverse isotropy with vertical axis of symmetry media and quantitative seismic interpretation. The last part examines the numerous amplitude attributes that can be extracted from seismic to quantify an interpretation. The vertical resolution is referred tuning thickness that is distance of 2 pieces in a vertical objects which can be distinguished by seismic waves. This model states that trace amplitudes have three controlling factors. Seismic data interpretation and evaluation for hydrocarbon exploration and production a practitioners guide. However, seismic tuning effects are potentially much larger than amplitude variations due to geological changes. Amplitude interpretation is then very effective in reducing risk when selecting exploration and production drilling locations. Seismic amplitude an interpreter s handbook the oil and gas industries now routinely use seismic amplitudes in exploration and production as they yield key information on lithology and fluid fill, enabling interpretation of reservoir quality and likelihood of hydrocarbon presence. In the knotts and zoeppritzs works knott, 1899, zoeppritz, 1919 the seismic amplitude dependence on seismic velocity and density in two layer.
Pdf first steps in seismic interpretation khaled magdy. Maximum positive amplitude is referred to peak and maximum negative amplitude is referred to trough. During the last 30 years, seismic interpreters have routinely applied bright spot and avo technology for. In addition, many combinations of these maps can be made, such as seismic amplitude plotted on top of structure. Seismic amplitude interpretation 2001 segeage distinguished instructor short course by fred hilterman. The value of amplitude is equal to the value of seismic trace at specific depth. In reflection seismology, a seismic attribute is a quantity extracted or derived from seismic data that can be analysed in order to enhance information that might be more subtle in a traditional seismic image, leading to a better geological or geophysical interpretation of the data. Seismic interpretation an overview sciencedirect topics. Attributes for fluvial channel interpretation seg wiki. Also, the impedance contrast between reservoir sand and shale relates directly to the seismic amplitudes. Seismic interpretation is fundamentally based on interpreting changes in amplitude. Quantitative seismic interpretation based on prestack seismic data, such as amplitude variation with offset avo analysis, allowing the extraction of geological features with greater accuracy. Seismic amplitude interpretation, distinguished instructor short course. The measured time is known as the two way time twt.
These rules of thumb help select the best seismic attribute for calibrating amplitude to rock properties in different areas. Seismic amplitude interpretation has come a long way since the early attempts at bright spot analysis in the gulf of mexico. Examples of seismic attributes can include measured time, amplitude, frequency and attenuation, in addition to. The data are available for free from the opendtect open seismic repository. Seismic amplitude interpretation, distinguished instructor. Seismic attribute, reservoir characterization, thickness and porosity introduction seismic attributes have been increasingly used in both.
The basic issue in seismic reflection interpretation is. Amplitude versus offset avo analysis of prestack seismic data is a potentially powerful tool for hydrocarbon reservoir characterization. Application of relations between seismic amplitude, velocity. Click download or read online button to get seismic amplitude book now. Seismic amplitude download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. The changing amplitude values that define the seismic trace are typically explained using the convolutional model. The seismic attribute technique should allow us to increase ability of geological interpretation of a formation, particularly in the thin bed reservoir environments. Estimation of seismic quality factor in the timefrequency domain using variational mode decomposition.
Application of relations between seismic amplitude. Quantitative seismic interpretation download ebook pdf. This accessible, authoritative book provides a complete framework for seismic amplitude interpretation and analysis, guiding the interpreter through techniques with practical observations and helping to evaluate interpretation confidence independent of any commercial software products. Derisking seismic amplitude interpretation by 3d seismic. Seismic amplitude interpretation solidsolid interfaces small velocity contrasts 311 3d. The changing amplitude values that define the seismic trace are typically. An interpreters handbook seismic amplitudes yield key information on lithology and fluid fill, enabling interpretation of reservoir quality and likelihood of. In seismic interpretation of fluvial channels, the thalweg of the channel is defined by the mostnegative curvature, whereas the edges of a channel are defined by the mostpositive curvature. Seismic amplitude interpretation, distinguished instructor short course fred j. During the last 30 years, seismic interpreters have routinely applied bright spot and avo technology for recognizing prospects and predicting lithology. Geo expro a simple guide to seismic amplitudes and detuning. All seismic amplitudes should be detuned before use amplitude detuning is a completely selfconsistent calculation and does not require well control 3d seismic detuning extends existing 2d map based detuning to detune seismic trace amplitudes in situ on a 3d or 2d relative impedance volume. Use vertical and horizontal sections and horizon slices.
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